City of Orphans by Avi captivates readers with its compelling portrayal of 1893 New York City through the eyes of a young newsboy. Critics appreciate the rich historical detail and likable protagonist. However, some found the plot predictable and side characters less developed. Despite these flaws, the novel remains an engaging and educational read for middle-grade audiences.

City of Orphans by Avi is ideal for readers aged 10-14 who enjoy gripping historical fiction set in turn-of-the-century New York. Fans of Brian Selznick’s The Invention of Hugo Cabret and Karen Hesse’s Out of the Dust will appreciate its vivid depiction of the struggles faced by young immigrants and its fast-paced, adventurous narrative.

City of Orphans by Avi is set in 1893 New York and follows 13-year-old newsie Maks Geless as he teams up with an orphan girl, Willa, to prove his sister Emma's innocence after she is accused of theft. Together, they seek help from a former detective, navigate the dangers of their urban environment, and cope with their family's struggles, ultimately uniting through resilience and determination.

Mysterious / Gritty / Adventurous / Suspenseful / Emotional

- Avi, the author of City of Orphans, is a Newbery Medal-winning writer known for his historical fiction, having won the prestigious award for his book Crispin: The Cross of Lead in 2003.
- The novel City of Orphans is set in late 19th-century New York City, a time when the city was teeming with immigrants and rapid industrial growth, reflecting the historical and cultural backdrop of the period.
- The book was honored as a Junior Library Guild selection, showcasing its recognition for literary quality and appeal to young readers.

**Maks Geless**  
The novel’s protagonist, Maks is a newsie who strives to support his immigrant Danish family while navigating the dangers of urban life in early 20th century New York City.

**Willa Brunswick**  
An orphan girl of German descent who becomes Maks’s courageous ally and is taken in by the Geless family, providing kindness and support in their quest to help Emma.

**Emma Geless**  
Maks’s sister who works at the Waldorf Hotel and is imprisoned after being falsely accused of theft, her predicament driving the novel's central conflict.

**Bruno**  
The leader of the Plug Ugly Gang, Bruno antagonizes Maks and Willa but is ultimately a pawn in larger, malevolent schemes beyond his control.

**Agnes Geless**  
Maks’s fourteen-year-old sister who works in a factory, pushing against societal limits by pursuing an education despite her own tribulations.

**Bartleby Donck**  
A former detective turned social activist who aids Maks and Willa in their efforts, and is notable for his hearing impairment and commitment to justice.

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City of Orphans Summary and Study Guide

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Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapters 1-8

City of Orphans Chapters 1-8 Summary & Analysis

Chapters 9-13

City of Orphans Chapters 9-13 Summary & Analysis

Chapters 14-20

City of Orphans Chapters 14-20 Summary & Analysis

Chapters 21-28

City of Orphans Chapters 21-28 Summary & Analysis

Chapters 29-35

City of Orphans Chapters 29-35 Summary & Analysis

Chapters 36-42

City of Orphans Chapters 36-42 Summary & Analysis

Chapters 43-47

City of Orphans Chapters 43-47 Summary & Analysis

Chapters 48-53

City of Orphans Chapters 48-53 Summary & Analysis

Chapters 54-62

City of Orphans Chapters 54-62 Summary & Analysis

Chapters 63-69

City of Orphans Chapters 63-69 Summary & Analysis

Chapters 70-76

City of Orphans Chapters 70-76 Summary & Analysis

Chapters 77-84

City of Orphans Chapters 77-84 Summary & Analysis

Chapters 85-91

City of Orphans Chapters 85-91 Summary & Analysis

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Character Analysis

City of Orphans Character Analysis

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Themes

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City of Orphans Symbols & Motifs

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City of Orphans

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